英语动词后接不定式和动名词的规律是什么?
答:英语动词后接不定式(to do)和动名词(doing)的规律主要取决于具体的动词和其用法。以下是一些常见的规律和例子:
(一)后接不定式的动词:
1. 表示意愿、希望、打算的动词:
- want, wish, hope, desire, plan, intend, mean
例如:I want to travel the world.
2. 表示决定、同意、承诺的动词:
- decide, agree, promise, consent
例如:She decided to study abroad.
3. 表示请求、要求、命令的动词:
- ask, request, demand, order, command
例如:He asked to leave early.
4. 表示能力、可能性、机会的动词:
- can, could, will, shall, may, might, must
例如:I can speak Spanish.
(二)后接动名词的动词:
1. 表示享受、厌恶的动词:
- enjoy, love, like, dislike, hate, prefer
例如:I enjoy reading books.
2. 表示避免、放弃的动词:
- avoid, escape, miss, give up
例如:She avoided answering the question.
3. 表示承认、否认的动词:
- admit, deny, confess
例如:He admitted making a mistake.
4. 表示讨论、考虑的动词:
- discuss, consider, think about, talk about
例如:They discussed opening a new store.
(三)既可接不定式也可接动名词,但意义不同的动词:
1. remember:
- remember to do:记得要去做某事(未做)
- remember doing:记得做过某事(已做)
例如:Remember to lock the door. / I remember locking the door.
2. forget:
- forget to do:忘记要去做某事(未做)
- forget doing:忘记做过某事(已做)
例如:Don't forget to call me. / I forgot calling him.
3. stop:
- stop to do:停下来去做另一件事
- stop doing:停止正在做的事
例如:They stopped to have a rest. / They stopped working.
4. try:
- try to do:努力去做某事
- try doing:尝试做某事
例如:I will try to finish the work. / Try cooking this recipe.
(四)注意事项:
- 有些动词后接不定式和动名词在意义上没有明显区别,如“begin, start, continue”等。
- 有些动词后接不定式和动名词的用法和意义可能因语境而异,需要根据具体情况进行判断。
掌握这些规律有助于更准确地使用英语动词,提高语言表达的准确性和流畅性。